Dmitri Mendeleev. A brilliant chemist and his revolutionary discovery – Gazeta Wyborcza

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Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev - chemist and discoverer of the law of periodicity elements (Public Domain)

                  
                  
                  

                  
             

             
         
     
   
   
   
 
 
 
 

Discovered by his right periodicity elements revolutionized science. Thanks to him we use today, the periodic table of elements, popularly known as the Mendeleev table.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                          
 

                 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

         

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At the beginning of the Big Bang were only hydrogen and helium and small amounts of lithium. This one was created hypothetical third of the population of stars. Most of the other, heavier elements arose later in the nuclei of these stars. It was only when they began to end their lives as supernovae, heavier elements roamed into space. The result were enriched gas clouds. With them were created: the next (second) population of stars, and eventually first population of stars and planets, which focused heavier elements. Along with the latter formed the Sun and our solar system.

With the existence of elements was realized in antiquity, but initially known only 10 of them (copper, silver, gold, coal, iron, mercury, lead, sulfur, tin and zinc). Until the time of Mendeleev are known and named 63 elements. The then scientists knew, too, that among some there are some similarities, but they were not able to explain them.

The discovery of Mendeleev

the breakthrough came in 1869 with the discovery of the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. That's when he tried to once again place "solitaire" card, which wrote the atomic mass and other properties of the known elements. He noted that they can arrange the table of atomic weights, and if their properties are repeated periodically.

It was the first such observation, a few years before Mendeleev observed the regularity John Newlands and Lothar Meyer, but it Russian first published his work ahead of Meyer just a few months.

the first puzzle Mendeleev was far from that, however, the periodic table, which we know today. The remaining hole in it, which, according to the scientist expected to fill the then undiscovered elements. It turned out he was right. By the end of the nineteenth century. Scientists discovered subsequent elements, which fit well into the puzzle Mendeleev. It is worth mentioning that two of them discovered in 1898. Polish chemist, two-time Nobel Prize winner Marie Curie.

In the late nineteenth century. Discovered all the noble gases, which perfectly fit into the periodic table, closing it right part. Then the opportunity arose to honor the Mendeleev for his discovery of the recently established (1902). Nobel Prize. For the first time he presented his candidacy in 1905. But then the prize in chemistry was Adolf von Baeyer. Again reported it to this prestigious award a year later, but this time also not received, and lost only one voice. There are rumors that opposed the award Mendelejewowi was a Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius, claiming that it is a discovery too old (as was said, he did it in retaliation for critical comments Mendeleev on his theory of electrolytic dissociation).

Periodic Table today

Today, thanks to the discoveries we know that on Earth there are 94 natural elements, the rest is obtained artificially. The total number of elements is discovered and 118. Here, too, turned out to be helpful to the discovery of Mendeleev, because before the end of last year, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) officially confirmed the existence of four new elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118, which received temporary name (Ununtrium, ununpentium, Ununseptium and ununoctoum) derived from their atomic numbers, since 2012. official name wore already elements 114 - flerovium and 116 - Livermore.

In this way, after almost 140 years since the foundation periodic table, scientists filled up to the end of seven her periods. Now wondering if and when they discover additional elements.

The task is not easy, since some of the newly discovered elements require a considerable investment of energy needed to produce them, and that they are unstable and often break down, the scientists will examine their properties. Chance of such a discovery gives a hypothetical "second island of stability." According to the assumptions may be present in the vicinity of element 164. This would mean that there may be the isotopes half-life reaching even a few hours. However, the present state of science and technology does not allow the formation of such elements.

         

         

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Comments (6)

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                               I do not know if you know, what is the second after the periodic table, Mendeleev's brilliant discovery? So he determined organoleptically that vodka should have 40% alcohol! Yes exactly, it is found that the best "enter", where 38%, and for the convenience industry to zaokrąglł to 40%. Health Mendeleev!
                             
                           
                         

  
   
   
   
   

  
   
   

   

 
 
 
 
 

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                               Only the "big bang" is only one of the hypotheses, and not the most convincing.
                             
                           
                         

  
   
   
   
   

  
   
   

   

 
 
 

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